New Hampshire Foundations of Reading Practice Test 2025 – Complete Exam Preparation

Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that focuses on the use of language in social contexts and the ways in which people understand and interpret language beyond its literal meaning. This includes understanding the intentions behind spoken or written communication, the context in which language is used, and the social rules that govern interactions.

For example, pragmatics involves recognizing how tone, context, and social norms influence communication. This means understanding that the same words can convey different meanings depending on the situation or the relationship between the speakers. By focusing on the social rules of language, pragmatics helps learners comprehend nuances such as politeness, sarcasm, or idiomatic expressions that might not be clear through grammar or vocabulary alone.

In contrast, the other options relate to different aspects of language: word formation concerns morphology, sentence structure relates to syntax, and phonetics deals with the sounds of speech. These elements are important for understanding how language is constructed but do not capture the social and contextual use of language, which is the essence of pragmatics.