New Hampshire Foundations of Reading Practice Test

How can observing spelling help assess phonics knowledge?

1. By noting vocabulary size

2. By determining when to apply spelling patterns

3. By tracking reading speed

4. By measuring fluency rates

The correct answer is: By determining when to apply spelling patterns

Observing spelling can provide valuable insights into a student's understanding of phonics knowledge by determining when they apply spelling patterns. When students spell words, they must utilize their understanding of phonics, including the correlation between letters and sounds. If a student consistently uses correct spelling patterns for familiar words, it suggests they have internalized the phonics rules associated with those patterns. For instance, if a student correctly spells words like "cat," "bat," and "hat," it shows they recognize the short vowel sound and consonant patterns that govern the spelling of these words. Additionally, when students attempt to spell more complex words, their errors can signal gaps in their phonics knowledge, such as confusion about digraphs or blends. This gives educators critical information about specific areas that may need review or reinforcement. The other options, while relevant in different contexts, do not directly assess phonics knowledge through spelling in the same way. Vocabulary size, reading speed, and fluency rates are indicators of literacy development but do not specifically highlight a student's application of phonics and spelling patterns.